Stigma and discrimination of living with HIV in middle-aged people Literature review

Stigma and discrimination of living with HIV in middle-aged people - Literature review Example Despite this fact, the advent and common use of the active antiretroviral drugs that have been used to alleviate the HIV conditions in humans has extended the lives of many people, who, today, find themselves attracted into the old age bracket amidst harbouring HIV status. Other than the number of older people becoming newly infected with the disease, the number of old people who were infected before continue to increase further swelling the number. In this study, old age bracket is considered to be at 50 years and beyond. Past research indicate that the total number of individuals who are living with HIV and aids in the United States was estimated to have increased from 59,649 to 112,447 between the years 200 and 2004. The cities considered to be the epicenters of the occurrence of the disease in the region such as New York have continued to register the highest number of people living with HIV over time. For instance, in New York, over 30% of the total number of people living with HIV is considered to be old, over 50 years and beyond (Barnett & Whiteside, 2006). 25% of those living with the disease in Los Angeles on the other hand fall above 50 years. Owing to these facts, the rate of discrimination and stigma among these people is expected to incre ase and even double over time. Such stigmatization characteristics are mainly common among peers, at workplaces and in homes and are likely to be determined by factors such as age differences, gender categories, race and ethnicity as well as other related social factors such as drugs and substance abuse, and mental health conditions. The number of old people suffering from HIV/AIDS infection has continued to increase in various places around the globe. Various studies have bee n carried out by an increasing number of people to address different aspects of the effects of HIV/AIDS infection in the society

Exams Taking Strategy for College Students Research Paper

Exams Taking Strategy for College Students - Research Paper Example Daily review of notes and finding relevant questions and assignments is crucial. One has to prepare a timetable for every day and weekly study sessions. Looking for an ample place without any disturbance and ensuring one has all the necessary tools and equipment is another major step. Regular study prior to the exam will ease the final preparations for tests. Assigning every subject a time like an hour will ensure that one gives adequate time to all the subjects. Short breaks in between such as stretching and moving around increases absorption rate. Short period study foster retention of information and reduces fatigue and stress (Durham, 94). Making a study group also becomes handy so that students/learners can exchange ideas. Preparing of revision tools is very crucial towards performing in tests. Learning to take good notes is useful for learning as well as taking the notes. Review notes after class, daily and on weekly basis. Notes review before exam acts as a reminder of the broader knowledge one has gained. Some lecturers give notes at a fast rate and a student may not be able to listen and write. One can record the notes using means such as tape recorder and listen to them later as he writes in a notebook. To widen the scope of knowledge of the subject, other reliable sources such as textbooks and internet can be utilized. To ensure adequate coverage and understanding of a subject, the student should make a list of all topics he is supposed to cover and allocate time to each (Scruggs, Thomas & Margo, 93). Index cards can also be the best review tool. They help one review easily without having to use books and notes, concentrate on specific details and ease memorization (Kesselman-Turkel, Judi & Frank lynn, 52). The main word is written on one side and facts on the other side. One can also take short notes after reading a chapter and writing down main points.