Definition and Examples of Correlative Conjunctions

In English grammar, correlative conjunction is a phrase that joins together two other  words, phrases, or clauses. These conjunctive pairs, as they are sometimes known, are used commonly in everyday communication.   How to Recognize Them The elements connected by correlative conjunctions are usually parallel  or similar in length and grammatical form. Each element is called a conjoin. An easy way to spot them in a sentence is to remember that they always travel in pairs. Conjoins must also match: nouns with nounspronouns with pronounsadjectives with adjectives These are the primary correlative conjunctions in English: both . . . andeither . . . orneither . . . nornot . . . butnot only . . . but also Other pairs that sometimes have a coordinating function include the following: as . . . asjust as . . . sothe more . . . the lessthe more . . . the moreno sooner . . . thanso . . . aswhether . . . or Used properly in a sentence, correlative conjunctions (shown in italics) look like this: I like  not only  to be loved  but also  to be told that I am loved.I have  neither  been there nor  done  thatIn the end, we will remember  not  the words of our enemies  but  the silence of our friends. All of these sentences can be broken into two separate sentences, and their overall meanings will not change. Correlative conjunctions allow you to compare and contrast, giving your language additional context. Proper Parallel Structure There are a number of grammatical rules governing how to use correlative conjunctions properly.  One common mistake that English students make is not pairing the proper preposition by using a conjunction. For example: Incorrect: The cabinet was designed not only for storing linens but also protecting wool clothing.Correct:  The  cabinet was designed not only for storing linens but also for protecting wool clothing. This rule extends to pronouns and antecedents as well. When joining two subjects (the antecedents), any pronoun that follows must agree with the closest antecedent. Look at this example: Incorrect: Neither your mother nor her sisters are planning to donate her portion of the estate to charity.Correct:  Neither your mother nor her sisters are planning to donate their portion of the estate to charity.Incorrect: Either the twins or Bobby will say they cant go.Correct:  Either  the twins or Bobby will say he cant go. Another thing to remember is that correlative conjunctions can only join two other words. Joining three words looks awkward and is grammatically incorrect. For instance: Incorrect: Either lead, or follow, or get out of the way.Correct: Either lead, follow, or get out of the way. Sources Mikoluk, Kasia. Correlative Conjunction: Basic Grammar Rules Explained. Udemy.com. 15 May 2014.Sherlock, Karl. Correlative Conjunctions. Grossmont.edu. 9 February 2015.Write.com staff. Correlative Conjunctions: What Are They? Write.com. Accessed 21 March 2018.

Essay about Case Study 2 Business managent - 621 Words

Verizon 1. Using the competing values framework as a point of reference, how would you describe Verizon’s current organizational Culture? Provide examples to support your conclusions. A clan culture is a family like or tribe like type of corporate environment that emphasizes consensus and commonality of goals and values. Clan cultures are the most collaborative and the least competitive of the four main corporate culture models. Mentoring, employer commitment and employee engagement are thought to promote empowerment and loyalty that will drive productivity and business success. Verizon’s employees are the embodiment of that belief. Whether they’re mentoring students, helping non-profits build capacity or running to support a†¦show more content†¦4. Does Mr. Lowell want to create more of a mechanistic or organic organization? Explain. Mr. Lowell wants to create an organic organization. Within an organic organization there are fewer procedures, informal communication, and networks of employees who are encored to cooperate and respond quickly to unexpected tasks. This is why there is so much emphasis on training at Verizon. Employees must know how to respond with operational effectiveness and training at Verizon. Employees must know how to respond with operational effectiveness and high performance in an organization that values innovation. Due to the fact that technology changes so rapidly and their employees must be able to change and adapt quickly the use of policy manuals or stacks of procedure will be a waste of time and paper. 5. What is the most important lesson from this case? Discuss The most important lesson from this case is Verizon’s management recognizing the need to change their culture in order to implement their new strategic plan and meet the company’s business goals. One of the company’s significant goals was to create a leadership culture that lead for shareholder value. In order to change a company’s culture the senior leadership must be involved and believed in it. Verizon decided to increase the number of internal subject matter experts (SMEs) and gave them the authority to make changes and recommendations through the use of cross business units and crossShow MoreRelatedPower1251 Words   |  6 PagesThe Alcan Case Description This case describes the evolution of IT management at Alcan during the period from 2006-2007. At that time, IT governance and the IT function itself were undergoing a complete transformation. 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Fundamentals of Law

Question: Discuss about theFundamentals of Law. Answer: Introduction: Enforceability of the Contract and its Defenses In order to form an enforceable contract, according to Australian contract law the presence of certain elements are vital which consists of offer, acceptance, certainty, consideration. With the purpose to form an enforceable contract it is essential to make an offer by the offeror to the offeree. While making an offer aspects like intention of the contract that are essential to be legally bound are required to be expressed along with the certainty of the material terms that are judged on the basis of objective standards (Falk et al., 2008). In the context of the provided case of Hevvy and Traynor it can be noticed that when Hevvy approached Traynor that he wanted to lose 10 kilos and asked about the charge, Traynor said that think about the charges and let him know about it. Later, he stated that he would charge $30 per training session with the help of a voicemail, till Hevvy losses the desired weight. The voicemail send by Traynor can be considered as offer. The above mentioned discussion forms the negotiation. When the offer made to the offeree by the offeror is accepted by him or her in exchange of something it results in the acceptance of the offer. A formed contract is not enforceable until acceptance occurs. The process of acceptance requires expression of consent to the terms of the offer in the way it has been approved by it and judged with the help of objective standard. The fact that in the next morning when the offer was made he went to the gym with Traynor which continued for the next weeks reflects the acceptance of the made offer on the part of the offeree in the given scenario i.e. Hevvy. Other than that, exchange offer provided by the offeror which is accepted by the offeree in the form of goods, materials or money consists of consideration. Hence in order to exchange legal value consideration is bargained which is beneficial to the promisor and disadvantageous to the promise (Thel and Yorio, 2011). In the provided scenerio it can be noticed that a bargain in order to exchange promise to pay was performed when Traynor demanded for $30 per training session from Hevvy. In the contract terms it could also be noticed that a promise was made by Traynor to provide training session to Hevvy until he losses 10 kilos. This clearly reflects the presence of consideration in the contract. In order to form an enforceable contract, the presence of certainty or the absence of formation defects is essential with the help of which the involved parties will have a clear terms of the contract that helps them in following it (Anderson and Young, 2006). In case of the provided scenario, it can be noticed that the purpose of the contract which was weight loss of Hevvy by 10 kilos and the charge of the training session i.e. $30 per training session was clearly stated. It clearly manifests the presence of certainty in the contract terms. Hence on the basis of the above mentioned grounds it can be stated that Hevvy and Traynor had formed an enforceable contract. Under Statute of Frauds of Australian Contract Law Traynor might defend the claims made by Hevvy that enforceable contract has been formed. In accordance to Statue of Frauds the vital parts of the contract are required to be recorded in writing and taken consent with the help of signing. Hence under Section 126 of Instruments Act 1958 (VIC) as no writing along with the signed consent of the essential terms of the contract that the desired amount of weight that Hevvy wanted to lose was present, Traynor can defend his claim that the formulated contract was an enforceable one. With the help of Frustrated Contracts Act 1978 also Traynor can defend the claim made by Hevvy that the formulated contract is an enforceable contract. In Frustrated Contracts Act 1978 under the doctrine of impracticability it can be made effective (Austlii, 2015). It states that in case if without the fault of neither of the party involved in the contract an event occurs as a result of which the situation changes which makes the completion of the task impracticable or impossible the contract will turn out to be frustrated. Hence with the help of implementing doctrine of impracticability, if Traynor can establish that that due to the circumstances which includes construction work on the route between the houses of Traynor and Hevvy as a result of which the traffic became heavier, along with the aspect of increased gas price which makes the cost unbearable for him to continue providing training to Hevvy, then the contract will be considered to be frustrated. This would result in the t ermination of the contract the reason being the occurrence of the frustrating events. Thus with the help of implementation of doctrine of impracticability Traynor will be released from any kind of future obligations which he may have to face due to the claim of enforceable contract of Hevvy. Remedies Hevvy can ask for punitive damages under Australia Contact Law [reformed 2012]. However it is mentionable here that, in the provided scenario of Hevvy and Traynor, as there is absence of tortiuous misconduct damages for the breach of the terms of the contract will not be recoverable. It is mentionable here that, as a substitute for performance damages for the breach for the terms of the contract are provided (Australiancontractlaw, 2013). As a result the nature of its formation is of such a nature to place the plaintiff in the situation they were supposed to be if the contract would have been performed effectively. Hence, punitive damages are not offered. Under Australia Contact Law [reformed 2012] he can also claim for remedies under equitable remedies which includes the doctrine of specific performance. The doctrine of specific performance consists of an order with the help, of which the breaching party, which in this case is Traynor, would be directed to perform in accordance to the contract in the manner it will be specified by the court. In case damages will be insufficient in providing adequate compensation specific performance will be ordered. However, in association to contracts of personal services, (in the case of Hevvy and Traynor, Traynor was hired by Hevvy in order to loss the desired weight, makes it a personal service) specific performance will not be awarded. In such a situation, Baltic Shipping v Dillon High Court of Australia (1993) 176 CLR 344 can be referred. It states that in case either of the involved parties faces mental and emotional distress along with the presence of few other conditions damages for distress and disappointment can be availed under Australia Contact Law [reformed 2012]. Para 44 of the mentioned case states that unless as a result of the breach of the contract in the following period physical inconvenience is caused as a result of it (Australiancontractlaw, 2013). Along with it providing enjoyment, freedom from molestation and relaxation is the objective of the contract, and then only damages will be provided to the aggrieved party. In this context, if Hevvy and Traynor case is referred it can be noticed that due to the breach of the contract terms not only did he have to face emotional distress, he also had to face physical inconvenience as his weight had increased, thus making him liable for the damages for dis tress and disappointment resulted due to the breach of the contract terms. Under Australia Contact Law [reformed 2012]Chapter 5 he may as well ask for remedies under which he may ask for the recovery of the amount of damages. Other than that he may ask for non-punitive orders, civil pecuniary penalties etc. Mortgages over real propertys deals with the loan, where as a collateral real estate or property is used. There are number of legislations associated mortgages over real property depending upon the state or territory. One of such mentionable legislation is Real Property Act 1990 (NSW). It deals with aspects associated with mortgages over real property like identification of the mortgagor prior the presentation of mortgage Real Property Act 1990 (NSW) SECT 56C (Austlii, 2014). A kind of property interest that is formulated with the help of any agreement or by laws operation over assets in order to secure an obligations performance generally the performance of a debt can be stated as security interest. Security interests beneficiary is provided with specific rights which are which are preferential rights in secured assets disposition. Personal Property Securities Act 2009 is a mentionable legislation associated with security interests in personal property (Ppsr, 2015). The legislation deals with transactions and mortgages associated with motor vehicles, financing leases etc. A property or additional asset which is offered by a borrower as a means of lender in securing the loan is collateral. It is mentionable here that in case on the part of the borrower making the promised loan payments is stopped the lender is entitled to seize the collateral in order to recoup its losses. Personal Property Securities Act 2009 (Cth) deals with the aspect of collateral. It mentions aspect associated with collateral which is matter to a perfected security interest. The notion that as a result of registration of a land, it is required to be reflected with the help of the title, the entire significant and essential details which is purchaser is required to be informed about prior purchasing the land is the mirror principle. The provisions which turn mirror principle as per the applicability to land registration and wanting is deal with in Land Act 2002. A propertys recipient is the grantee i.e. the individual who will be taking the title in accordance to the name in the legal document which is used in order to transfer the real estate. It is mentionable here that, grantor is the individual surrendering the property. The Real Property Act 1886 deals with the aspect of grantee under three classes i.e. when the applicant is original grantee, when the applicant is not original grantee, when there is imperfection in the title. References Anderson, J. and Young, L. (2006). Trade and Contract Enforcement. The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis Policy, 5(1). Austlii.edu.au. (2014). REAL PROPERTY ACT 1900 - SECT 56CConfirmation of identity of mortgagor. [online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/rpa1900178/s56c.html [Accessed 3 Sep. 2016]. Austlii.edu.au. (2015). Frustated Contracts act1978. [online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/fca1978247/ [Accessed 3 Sep. 2016]. Australiancontractlaw.com. (2013). Australian Contract Law | Julie Clarke. [online] Available at: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law/remedies-damages.html [Accessed 3 Sep. 2016]. Australiancontractlaw.com. (2013). Australian Contract Law | Julie Clarke. [online] Available at: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/cases/baltic.html [Accessed 3 Sep. 2016]. Falk, A., Huffman, D. and MacLeod, W. (2008). Institutions and contract enforcement. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. Ppsr.gov.au. (2015). PPSR overview | PPSR. [online] Available at: https://www.ppsr.gov.au/ppsr-overview [Accessed 3 Sep. 2016]. Thel, S. and Yorio, E. (2011). Contract enforcement. New York: Wolters Kluwer Law Business.

Race and Ethnicity in Nadine Gordimer and Patricia Smith Poems

Introduction Racism and ethnicity have been critical issues in the society with several blacks and non-whites suffering prejudice in some European countries. Since the world came to acknowledge these antisocial practices as core perpetrators to global social justice, research and social studies have considered the two issues as part of the most important aspects to cover.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Race and Ethnicity in Nadine Gordimer and Patricia Smith Poems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In a bid to restore social justice and educate the society on the impacts of racism and ethnicity, several literal sources have emerged. In this context, this essay compares Country Lovers by Nadine Gordimer (1978) and What It’s like to be a Black Girl by Patricia Smith (1955). The works of these authors explore various themes such as race or ethnicity, prejudice, the quest for freedom, and inequality in differen t societies. The focus of this essay is on the theme of race or ethnicity that both Gordimer and Smith explore in their works. The essay shall compare and contrast the two works with regard to literary style, form, and content. Overview of Country Lovers by Nadine Gordimer Gordimer has written several novels and short stories. The author has the ability to create a short story with well-informed themes, which engage the readers. In Country Lovers, Gordimer portrays the struggle of a black woman during the Apartheid epoch in South Africa and the harsh realities that black women tolerated during these dark moments. The story uncovers a forbidden relationship between Thebedi, an African black woman and her white master’s son, Paulus. Country Lovers’ central theme revolves around the tough and traumatizing moments that Thebedi experienced. The story reveals several inconsiderate behaviors practiced by the white bosses in South Africa during the Apartheid regime including r acial prejudice, characters inner struggles, and confusion. Gordimer manages to capture several ways in which people suffer in a racial discriminative society as they undergo and endure catastrophic moments. Gordimer uses the theme of racism and ethnicity in order to provoke high-levels of human emotions within few pages of the story. Gordimer presents the story of love between a white skinned Afrikaner and a black skinned girl in a farm setting. Gordimer notes, â€Å"The trouble was Paulus Eysendyck did not seem to realize that Thebedi was now simply one of the crowds of farm children down at the kraal, recognizable in his sister’s old clothes† (Gordimer, 1978, p.332). It is obvious that Paulus developed a love for the black, Thebedi.Advertising Looking for essay on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The author writes, â€Å"The schoolgirls he went swimming with at dams or pools on neighbor ing farms wore bikinis, but the sight of their dazzling bellies and thighs in the sunlight had never made him feel what he felt now when the girl came† (Gordimer, 1978, p.333). The society and the law did not approve of such relationships in South Africa during the Apartheid era. Paulus reminded Thebedi about their forbidden relationship, he told her, â€Å"each time, when they would meet again because they cannot be seen in public together† (Clugston, 2010, p. 45). During the apartheid regime in South Africa, the laws of that nation considered the relationship between white and the black as an offence that bordered on immorality. Immorality Act 1950 to 1985 of the Apartheid prohibited all forms of sexual relations between blacks and whites, including any sign of an existing relationship in public. Another law of 1949 known as the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act banned all interracial marriages in South Africa (Tyson, 1999). Such laws caused serious problems for Paul us and Thebedi because their secret love affair was against the Immorality Act. It was against the South African laws for the two lovers to express their affair in public and thus they decided to keep it as a secret affair. Gordimer notes, â€Å"She had to get away before the house servants who knew her came in at dawn† (Gordimer, 1978, p.334). Thebedi and Paulus kept their affair going despite harsh laws discouraging interracial relations. Gordimer notes that both black and white children would play together when they were young, but when the whites attend school, â€Å"they soon don’t play together anymore† (Gordimer, 1978, p.332). This assertion implies that racism had minimal influences on children and reveals the forbidden relationship between the two races, with white leaders living in South Africa fearing that the school relationship would result in unintended social affairs.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Race and Ethnicity in Nad ine Gordimer and Patricia Smith Poems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This aspect marks the spread of racism among children. It shows that boarding schools created a sense of superiority among whites and consequently blacks referred to their former friends as â€Å"missus and baasie†. The racial inequalities and injustices existed even in the most human contemporary issues including formal education (Clugston, 2010). It is eminent throughout the story, especially between the two main actors who were lovers, that Blacks and whites had different levels of education. The level of education between Paulus and Thebedi was distinct, with the African woman having very little education compared to her lover, Paulus. Overview of What it’s like to be a Black Girl, by Smith The poem, What it’s like to be a Black Girl, is one of the credible works of Patricia Smith. Patricia Smith was born in 1955 and is a renowned American poet, a playwright, credible books author, an intellectual writing teacher, verbal word performer, and a former journalist (Lazar, 1993). The poem, What it’s like to be a Black Girl explores the issue of racism in a jagged society. The persona (a black girl) is at the threshold of puberty and feels a sense of discomfort with her changing physical body and mind as she hopes for better changes. Smith uses narration in order to drive her point of racism to readers in the first three lines of the poem. The style relies on â€Å"jagged sentence structure† (Pfeiler, 2003, p.48) coupled with a language of profanity to show her readers the seriousness of the poem. Thus, one can understand young black girls’ lives in 1950s when she wrote the poem. Smith explores how racism affected black women in her time. Racism went to the extent of affecting health of women in society. For instance, transition into womanhood was an ordeal for black girls in a racial society, â€Å"it ’s dropping food coloring in your eyes to make them blue and suffering their burn in silence† (Smith, 1955). Consequently, black girls embraced puberty with a sense of confusion and sadness, scared of the social torments that affected their social life; the persona admits, â€Å"First of all, it’s being 9 years old and feeling like you’re not finished, like your edges are wild, like there’s something, everything, wrong† (Smith, 1955).Advertising Looking for essay on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Every teenage girl experiences such thoughts. However, Smith introduces the idea of racially jagged society and its pressure on girls by using a â€Å"black girl†. The society is changing for young black girls. As a result, young girls have to find means of fitting in a racially jagged society using several ways. The black women in the racial affiliated society adopted alternative means for survival to enable them to fit and survive in these societies. In her poem, Smith postulates, â€Å"It’s dropping food coloring in your eyes to make them blue and suffering their burn in silence. It’s popping a bleached white mop head over the kinks of your hair and priming in front of the mirrors that deny your reflection† (Smith, 1955). The usage of â€Å"food coloring in eyes and hair bleaching† (Smith, 1955) show how a young black girl would struggle to grow into acceptable woman in a racial society in a bid to look like the whites who had hazel eyes and bro wnish hair. She aims to be like white women, who have white skin, blonde hair, and blue eyes for men to admire her. Black women had the perception that during this moment the white nature was attractive to men. Comparative analysis of the stories History-Historical analysis requires readers’ knowledge of historical events of the time (Tyson, 1999). This aspect enables readers to understand the form and context of literary works in the context of history. Therefore, one can understand both Country Lover and What It’s like to be a Black Girl in the context of history. The two stories connect with the historical life of the African people during the harsh time of colonization, where the whites practiced injustices during their stay in Africa. Readers can only imagine what blacks experienced at the time of Apartheid and its effects on mixed raced relationships. For instance, Gordimer notes the common conversation between Paulus and Thebedi in their affair as the man kept o n reminding his lover about their forbidden affair, â€Å"He told her, each time, when they would meet again because they cannot be seen in public together† (Clugston, 2010, p.45). Such statements really affected Thebedi as a black woman. From the above sentence, one can understand why the relationship between Thebedi and Paulus was socially wrong. The Apartheid laws prohibited such relationships between mixed races, which is a clear indication of how the situation was during the apartheid regime in South Africa. A reflection of history is clearer where a part from typical social affairs, the colonial rules intended to oppress most African children, who seemed to access little or no education during the critical colonial era. The white people controlled most aspects of social life in South Africa including rights to formal education (Lazar, 1993). Their children attended best schools and learned ideas about racial segregation in society. On the other hand, blacks learned to r espect white people as they grew up, which formed part of their social growth. Therefore, understanding the historical context of Country Lover enables readers to understand the position of a black woman when Paulus murdered the baby. Form of writing (Short story and Poem) Country Lovers by Nadine Gordimer (1978) and What It’s like to be a Black Girl by Patricia Smith (1955) exist in different forms of writing and style, but carries similar themes. Both the poem and the short story show historical forms and settings. Gordimer and Smith wrote their works at a time when racism was a dominant factor in the relationship between whites and blacks. Apartheid reflected racial discrimination in South Africa, whereas sense of skin color discrimination showed racial discrimination in the American society. Both works show that racism and ethnicity influenced all aspects of life including individual appearances and interracial marriages. In the case of Thebedi, racism denied Thebedi just ice following the murder of her child. Within the historical context, Gordimer aims to invoke social protest using her short story. She highlights and draws readers’ attention to contemporary social problems in South Africa as she hopes for change (Lazar, 1993). On the other hand, the poem depicts a black girl struggling to fit in a racial society (Smith, 1955). Therefore, one can only understand lives of Black Americans during racial segregation and discrimination based on skin color. In the poem, one can relate to the struggle of a young black as she struggles to grow into an acceptable woman in a racial society (Pfeiler, 2003). Smith uses the form of confessional poetry in which she explores experiences of black women with unusual frankness. This aspect underscored the 1950s when writers condemned social issues in society. Smith aims to bring readers’ attention to social pressures that black women experience in order to gain acceptance in a racial society. Smith als o uses her poem as a form of social protest with the hope that social circumstances will improve as she notes, â€Å"it’s finally have a man reach out for you then caving in around his fingers† (Smith, 1955). Content and style of the writing The contents of What It’s like to be a Black Girl and Country Lover have women to depict racism in societies as they deal with unfairness in societies as protagonists of the story. Both writers use black women because such acts mostly affect them in society. Smith uses vocal style to express her feelings in the poem. This style of expression enables readers to understand that being a black woman in a racial society is tough. The author uses words, which arouse a sense of sadness and indignation such as â€Å"everything wild† and â€Å"suffering their burn in silence†. Thus, a black girl must engage in activities, which will make her to look like a white woman for social acceptance. The sense of bitterness drive s the poet to use profane language in her poem; for instance, â€Å"it’s learning to say fuck with grace, and fucking without it† (Smith, 1955). This aspect symbolizes the way a black woman feels in a racial society. Gordimer presents her work from a third person point of view, which means that the author utilized third person to express and refer the characters in their social setting. Writing in the third person means that apart from using the characters’ names, the writer used words like he or she and him or her to refer to individual characters in the story. Another important issue to note in the story about the third party view is that the narrator does not participate in the story. The narrator sometimes avoided using real characters’ names during the writing of the story, in that sense. The narrator acts only as an implied character, whose participation only relates to the audience. This style enables the writer to present the story in an unbiased manner without authorial bias, noting very well that the author in the context of self defense might write stories in their favor. Gordimer and Smith show that children do not understand differences in society due to racism. For instance, in the poem, the black girl has â€Å"a sad tone and does not understand why she is different† (Pfeiler, 2003, p.50). On the other side, the short story shows that both white and black children play together when they are young. However, as they grow up, racism influences their actions and feelings, which is a clear indication of ethnicity and racism in the current world. Paulus ends up killing Thebedi’s child while the black girl has to endure suffering in silence because she has to end up in an affair she did not like. The authors show that racism is destructive irrespective of where it occurs. From these female characters, one can understand what it meant to grow up during the Apartheid era in South Africa in the 1970s and in the U S in 1950s during racial segregation and discrimination. Conclusion It is easy to conclude that the two literary works present historical realities of racism in different settings. It is evident that racial and ethnical bias has existed in the society from a historical point of view. Despite several literary works that have been enhanced by writers in the current world, the racial situation has existed to the latter. Historical circumstances shape events of these literary works (Clugston, 2010). Therefore, these literary works use women protagonists in order to expose harsh realities, which black women experience in racial societies. Societies of the 1900s regarded interracial romance as a taboo due to racial prejudice at the time. Consequently, such racial prejudice could only lead to devastating consequences. The style, form, and content of both works show how whites in South Africa and the US heightened racial tension in which blacks suffered in most cases. Therefore, one can lea rn of social stigma of being black as a social reality of the problem at the time. References Clugston, R. W. (2010). Journey into literature. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Gordimer, N. (1978). Town and Country Lover. Pasadena, CA: Salem Press. Lazar, K. (1993). Feminism as Piffling’? Ambiguities in Nadine Gordimer’s Short Stories. New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press. Pfeiler, M. (2003). Sounds of Poetry: Contemporary American Performance Poets. Tubingen, Germany: Gunter Narr Verlag. Smith, P. (1955). What It’s Like To Be A Black Girl (for Those of You Who Aren’t). Web. Tyson, L. (1999). Critical Theory Today: A User-Friendly Guide. New York, NY: Garland Publishing. This essay on Race and Ethnicity in Nadine Gordimer and Patricia Smith Poems was written and submitted by user Derrick Reilly to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

NATO And Cold War Essays - NATO, Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council

NATO And Cold War The latter half of the twentieth century has been dominated by the Cold War and the actions and events surrounding it. During this period different alliances and treaties were formed and many of these were institutionalized. One such alliance was the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). This organization was set up by the Northern Atlantic Western Powers to combat the Eastern Soviet threat. Today however NATO still exists and plays an active role in international relations. The question asked then is why after the Soviet Threat has dispersed an organization that was set up with the sole purpose of defeating the Soviets, is still persisting. NATO was formed on the 4th of April 1949 with an alliance of twelve independent nations committed to defence and security. Between 1952 and 1982 four more nations joined and three more in March 1999. The original alliance was formed with the purpose of stopping Soviet expansion in Europe, with the United States as the main driving force. With the collapse of the Soviet Union and the consequential end of the Cold War it may be asked why has NATO survived and still plays an active and influential role in European interstate politics. NATO has a definite reason for still continuing on in Europe. According to Michael Ruhle (Senior Planning Officer, Policy Planning and Speechwriting Section of NATO's Political Affairs Division) NATO has changed from a singular-purpose organization to a multi-purpose institution, "working together to create a more benign strategic environment." Mr. Ruhle argues that NATO is contributing to the "emerging Euro-Atlantic security architecture." It is not really an institution but an architect. The architecture being a "series of key political processes that shape the strategic environment, the European integration process, the evolution of Russia, the development of transatlantic relations, and the evolution of crisis management in the Euro-Atlantic area." NATO can be seen to be an institution aiming at peace and security within Europe. There are other alliances than NATO that have become or are multi-purpose institutions. This can be seen through the EU, with its enlargement operation and its designs for Russia. Also the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) in defusing minority obstacles in Europe, overseeing elections in Bosnia and working with an agreement in Kosovo. NATO, according to Mr. Ruhle is however, unique as only it can offer coherency in bringing about these processes. The NATO website offers an interesting perspective on the reasons for NATO's existence. "Today following the end of the Cold War and of the division of Europe, the Alliance has been restructured to enable it to participate in the development of cooperative security structures for the whole of Europe. It has also transformed its political and military structures in order to adapt them to peacekeeping and crisis management tasks undertaken in cooperation with countries which are not members of the Alliance and with other international organizations." Its peace plans and structures includes the North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC), replaced by the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) and the Partnership for Peace (PfP). However there is a different way of looking at the persistence of on organization such as NATO in contemporary international relations. Stephen Walt argues that alliances that persist are a result of hegemonic leadership, preserving credibility, domestic politics and elite manipulation, the impact of institutionalization and ideological solidarity, shared identities and security communities. A strong driving force behind an alliance will sustain it even after the immediate threat has gone, especially if that force is willing to bear the costs of the alliance and its purposes. The hegemonic power within the alliance must be strongly committed to preserving and even expanding the relationship. They must also be stronger than any in the alliance that may no longer wish to participate or contribute. To survive the alliance must be a symbol of credibility and resolve. Nations may be unwilling to pull out of an alliance in case an opponent or another ally may see this move as a lack of resolve. Walt argues that US involvement in Bosnia was a result of the fear that no response would create further suspicion on NATO's role and future, rather than a genuine care for the Bosnian people. Alliances have also been known to survive because of groups within a state are interested in the continuation of a particular alliance. In the case of NATO, there has been active support for NATO enlargement by Polish-Americans. Walt argues that the higher the level of institutionalization there is the harder it becomes to break up an alliance. Mr. Ruhle calls

Populist and Progressives essays

Populist and Progressives essays The Populists and Progressive were form of movement that occurred during the outbreaks of the workers union after the civil war. The populists began during the late 1800s.The progressive began during the 1900s. There are many differences between these two movements, but yet these movements have many things that are similar. Farmers united to protect their interests, even creating a major political party. The party was called the peoples party which became known as the populist party. Populists drew its strength from rural areas. Populists tended to be poor and uneducated. They had ideas such as government ownership of major industries. The Populists supported labors demand for an eight hour work day. The most controversial Populist demand concerned the money supply. Farmers being both sellers and debtors, saw inflation as a way to improve their standard of living, but they wanted to expand the money supply. Farmers convinced the government to use silver as well as gold to back the money supply. The congress passed the Bland-Allison Act and the Sherman Silver Purchase. Populist platform urged congress to authorize free and unlimited minting of silver. The Populists were united in favoring the minting of silver to expand the money supply. Democrats agreed with the Populist, but most Republicans favored the gold standard and a smaller money supply. Democrats agreed on a presidential candidate that was with the mint silver, which was William Jennings Bryan. Having joined the Democrats in a losing cause, their party collapsed. The attempt to unite urban workers and farmers into a mass movement for economic reform had failed. Progressivism began in the early 1900s. It had roots in several earlier movements such as the Liberal Republican and the Mugwumps. Progressivism centered in cities. Progressives were middle class and well educated. Progressives stayed in the political mainstream. They aimed not to remake America...

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 17

Case study - Essay Example Globalization in the film industry can be approached from four main categories as discussed by Lorenzen (2008). He enumerates these approaches as being globalization of involvement in film-making, film consumption, film production and organization of film making. Globalization involvement in film-making is characterized by a rapid growth in the number of feature films that hit the market, either for TV, cinema or exhibition. For instance, Lorenzen observes that India and China have considerably experienced steady growth in the film industry, a situation backed by their respective growth in purchasing power and investment in the industry. The rise of global consumer taste the world over characterizes globalization in consumption. Lorenzen notes that apart from continuous expansion of the global market, the ease with which producers can reach the prospective market has also improved. The advantage that comes with this phenomenon is that products can be released simultaneously to global audiences on a good number of national markets. This consumption globalization is immensely boosted by such quick distribution and exhibition platforms as internet, Satellite TV and DVDs. India and Japan have been noted to be more aggressive in adopting new technological distribution means compared to Hollywood. Cross-border co-production of films is what marks production globalization. Even though this practice has been around for some time, it has recently witnessed a great surge, with most films from US, Canada, Asia, and Europe involving cross-border production. India, due to is conservative nature, is yet adopt cross-border co-production, hence the relatively low external market share for its films. The final aspect of globalization is global organization, characterized by the advent of global corporations. With the onset of internalization, Lorenzen observes that most Hollywood